Sources for this tool

The findings presented in this module come from the RESM research project (2024-2025), specifically:

• Final Research Report: “RESM Final Research Report”. Analyses 26 policy documents (1975-2024), 81 peer-reviewed articles, and 14 case studies across 8 countries. View on RESM website

External sources cited:

• Gouguet, J.-J. et al. (2011). “Study on the Funding of Grassroots Sports in the EU.” European Commission.
• Eurobarometer (2022). Special Eurobarometer 525: Sport and Physical Activity. European Commission.
• ISCA/CEBR (2015). “The Inactivity Time Bomb.” International Sport and Culture Association / Centre for Economics and Business Research.

What comes next?

We advocate for a modern sport model -one that is open, inclusive, and based on participation, not just performance. 

Now you understand the framework: where it comes from, what it claims to stand for, and why the gap between theory and reality matters. But how does that gap play out in practice?

In Tool 3, you will meet three very different organisations, a Danish football club, a French athletics association, and a Czech civil society movement, and see how they navigate the European Sport Model in their daily reality. The numbers. The financial flows. The choices they make. And what it means for your advocacy.